美联储2024年运营亏损达776亿美元，连续第二年出现大额亏损
2025-03-22 19:59:27
美联储2024年财报披露：连续两年巨额亏损，累计亏损超1900亿美元
当地时间3月21日，美联储发布2024年度财务报表审计结果，数据显示其2024年运营亏损高达776亿美元（约合人民币5600亿元），较2023年1145亿美元的亏损规模有所收窄，但仍处于历史高位。这是美联储连续第二年出现大额亏损，两年累计亏损总额已超过1900亿美元。
亏损原因深度解析：疫情应对与加息政策双重影响
分析指出，美联储巨额亏损主要源于两大政策因素：
1. 2020-2021年疫情期间的大规模经济刺激政策
2. 2022-2023年为应对高通胀而实施的激进加息政策，将基准利率从接近零水平大幅提升至5.25%-5.5%区间
美联储收入来源与利润分配机制
美联储的主要收入来源包括：
- 向银行提供的各类金融服务收入
- 持有债券的利息收入
根据美国法律规定，美联储必须将利润上缴美国财政部。圣路易斯联邦储备银行研究数据显示，2011年至2021年间，美联储累计向财政部上缴利润近1万亿美元。
官方表态：亏损不影响货币政策执行能力
美联储官员强调，当前亏损属于账面亏损，不会影响其制定和执行货币政策的能力。这一表态旨在稳定市场预期，避免投资者对美联储政策独立性产生疑虑。
对投资者的影响分析：
1. 市场预期：可能影响投资者对美联储未来政策走向的判断
2. 利率政策：持续亏损可能限制美联储降息空间
3. 美元走势：亏损规模可能影响美元汇率稳定性
4. 投资策略：投资者需重新评估美联储资产负债表健康状况对市场的影响
5. 风险偏好：可能促使投资者转向更保守的投资组合配置
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